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New Departure (Ireland)
The term New Departure has been used to describe several initiatives in the late 19th century where Irish republicans, who were committed to independence from Britain through use of physical force, attempted to find a common ground for co-operation with groups committed to Irish Home Rule through constitutional means. The term refers to the fact that Fenians were to some extent departing from their orthodox doctrine of non-involvement with constitutional politics, especially the British parliament. It was coined by John Devoy in an anonymous article in the ''New York Herald'' on 27 October 1878 in which he laid out a framework for a new policy.
==1868–1869==
In 1868–69, Irish Republican Brotherhood (hereafter IRB) member John O'Connor Power forged links with Mayo MP George Henry Moore in what has been described as an early 'New Departure'.〔Alvin Jackson, ''Home Rule. An Irish History 1800–2000'', London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003.〕 However Moore died in April 1870 and O'Connor Power successfully shifted his efforts to win Fenian support for Isaac Butt.〔T. W. Moody, ''Davitt and Irish Revolution 1846–82'', Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.〕 Although O'Connor Power later claimed to have pioneered co-operation between revolutionary and constitutional activists, with Moore to have been the leader, his effective switch from the revolutionary to the constitutional camp makes his actual motives problematic.
Michael MacDonagh writes in "The Home Rule Movement":
"He (O'Connor Power ) more than any other man, had induced the Fenians to give the Home Rule movement a chance. It was he who originated the idea of a nationalist movement with two wings, the one carrying out extreme action in Parliament, and the second pursuing revolutionary methods in Ireland, each acting independently of the other in its separate field, but both working towards one common end – the realisation of the completest measure of self-government that was possible, as circumstances changed from time to time."
The strategy was a course of parallel action, the revolutionary and constitutional wings to run in tandem.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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